达索普冰川海拔7100m处粒雪中空气的封闭   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

徐柏青  姚檀栋 《冰川冻土》1999,21(4):380-384

The air-bubble formation has been studied experimentally in the Dasuopu ice core from the northern slope of Mount Xixabangma. It was found that air-channel volume decreases gradually, but the firn remains permeable down to the depth above the transition of firn to ice, i. e., about the depth of the air-channels closing off to be isolated bubbles. Apparently, there exists an age difference between air trapped in bubbles and surrounding ice. Only when the air channels close off completely, the age of the air increases in the same rate as the surrounding ice. Air-bubbles formed in different depths at different sites depending on accumulation rate and mean annual temperature, but approximately at a mean density of 0.79～0.83 Mg·m -3 . The air-channels in the Dasuopu firn core closed rapidly in the depth between 40 and 47 m, and 50% of air-bubbles were formed in the depth of 45 m. It is calculated that the age difference between air and its surrounding ice is 59 a, and the bulk age distribution width of air trapped in ice bubbles is 11 a.  相似文献   

On the age calibration of the geomagnetic polarity timescale     

Pierre Agrinier  Yves Gallet  & Eric Lewin 《Geophysical Journal International》1999,137(1):81-90

Knowledge of the age of undated events is not null if a time-order relationship can be found among these events. The knowledge of such a time-ordered sequence can be formalized by using non-informative (uniform) prior probability densities for the ages of undated events and Bayes' theorem to introduce the time-order relationship condition. We show that the conditional probability densities of the ages of events of unknown age are given by various forms of Euler's beta distribution. These distributions yield an estimate of the probability for an undated event to occur in a given age interval.
  We use this method to propose appropriate probabilistic representations of our actual knowledge of the dating of the magnetic polarity reversals during the Cenozoic. These representations take into account the uncertainties arising from irregularities in accretion process and from the quality of a few calibration points. Both types of uncertainties generate large ambiguities in the age of magnetic reversals, which should be taken into consideration when the geomagnetic polarity timescale is used for dating purposes. We propose to use the entropy function to quantify these ambiguities.  相似文献   

Comparisons between the reproductive biology of black bream Acanthopagrus butcheri (Teleostei: Sparidae) in four estuaries with widely differing characteristics     

G.A. Sarre  I.C. Potter 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1999,8(3):179-210

The reproductive biology of Acanthopagrus butcheri has been studied in the permanently open Swan River and intermittently open Moore River estuaries on the lower west coast of Australia (31--32 °S) and in the permanently open Nornalup Walpole and normally closed Wellstead estuaries on the southern coast of Western Australia (34--35 °S). Trends exhibited by gonadosomatic indices, gonadal maturity stages and the sizes and developmental stages of the oocytes demonstrate that A. butcher typically spawns in spring and early summer. However, spawning occurred in salinities ranging from as low as 3.5-8 g L^–1 in the Moore River Estuary to as high as 41-45 g L^–1 in the Wellstead Estuary. Furthermore, water temperatures during spawning were greater in the two northern estuaries (19.7--28.5 °C) than in the two southern and cooler estuaries (17.5--23.4 °C). Histological studies strongly indicate that A. butcheri spawn more than once in a breeding season and demonstrate that the development of its oocytes exhibits group synchrony sensu de Vlaming (1983). The ages and total lengths at which, on average, female and male A. butcheri both first attain maturity in the Swan River Estuary were ca 2 years and ca 215 mm. However, the age at which individual fish in that system reach maturity was influenced by body size. This suggests that the attainment of first maturity at an older age but smaller length in the Moore River and Nornalup Walpole estuaries than is the case in the Swan River Estuary is a consequence of the slower growth rates of A. butcheri in those estuaries. The combination of the young age (ca 2 years) but small length (ca 145 mm) at which maturity is first attained in the Wellstead Estuary could have resulted from selection pressures brought about by high mortality rates and/or heavy fishing pressure in this estuary. The mean fecundity of A. butcheri, based on the combined number of yolk vesicle and yolk granule oocytes found in ovaries just prior to the onset of spawning, was 1580 × 10³. The significance of the sizes at first maturity, minimum legal length for capture, mesh selectivity data and closure of certain regions of estuaries to fishing for the management of the recreational and commercial fishery for A. butcheri is discussed.  相似文献   

Geomagnetic paleosecular variation at Hawaii around 3 Ma from a sequence of 107 lava flows at Kaena Point (Oahu)     

Carlo Laj  Herv Guillou  Nadia Szeremeta  Robert Coe 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1999,170(4):191-376

We have sampled a sequence of 107 lava flows in the Waianae series on Oahu, Hawaii, in two separate stretches. The first (51 flows) at Kaena Point extends from sea level to an altitude of 190 m, and the second (56 flows) follows the Satellite Tracking Station road from 218 m to 360 m above sea level. Thermal and af demagnetization yield very similar results, and reveal only normal polarities. K/Ar dating at five different horizons combined with the paleomagnetic results indicate that the sequence was emplaced entirely in the normal polarity interval between the Upper Mammoth and the Lower Kaena polarity transitions (3.22–3.11 Ma). Some of the flows are serially correlated. Filtering does not, however, drastically affect the final results. Inclinations are shallower than those expected from a centered dipole field. Although large (13°), the inclination anomaly is consistent with results from other sites at the same latitude. The scatter of the VGPs about the geographic pole is consistent with available data from other regions at similar latitudes. The scatter of the directions is also consistent with the predictions of recent statistical models of paleosecular variation. Therefore, these results do not support the hypothesis of a Pacific dipole window.  相似文献   

A record of changing redox conditions in the northern Peru Basin during the Late Quaternary deduced from Mn/Fe and growth rate variations in two diagenetic manganese nodules     

A. Bollhfer  N. Frank  S. Rohloff  A. Mangini  J.C. Scholten 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1999,170(4):91-415

Two diagenetic manganese nodules from the Peru Basin were investigated by thermal ionization mass spectrometry and high resolution alpha spectrometry for uranium and thorium. The TIMS concentrations for nodule 62KD (63KG) vary as follows: 0.12–1.01 ppb (0.06–0.59) ²³⁰Th, 0.51–1.98 ppm (0.43–1.40) ²³²Th, 0.13–0.80 ppb (0.09–0.49) ²³⁴U, and 1.95–13.47 ppm (1.66–8.24) ²³⁸U. Both nodules have average growth rates of 110 mm per million years. However, from the variations of excess ²³⁰Th with depth we estimate partial accumulation rates which range from 50 to 400 mm per million years. The δ²³⁴U dating method cannot be applied due to remobilization of U from the sediment and subsequent incorporation into the nodules' crystal lattice, reflected by decay corrected δ²³⁴U values far above the ocean water value. Sections of fast nodule growth are related to those layers having high Mn/Fe ratios (up to 200) and higher densities. As a possible explanation we develop a scenario that describes similar glacial/interglacial trends in both nodules as a record of regional changes of sediment and/or deep water chemistry.  相似文献   

哈达门沟金矿床地质特征及其形成时代研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

苗来成  Yu-min.QIU  关康  Neal McNaughton  裘有守  罗镇宽  David Groves 《地质找矿论丛》1999,14(4):76-82

哈达门沟金矿床位于华北地台北缘西段,产于太古代乌拉山岩群变质碉系中,矿床以发育一系列含金钾长石－石英脉为特征,这些钾长石－石英脉沿近东西向的韧、脆性叠加断裂成 出。钾长石化是最发的近矿围为。采用离子探针（ＳＨＲＩＭＰ）对矿体边部的钾长石化蚀变岩锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ定年结果表明：矿化钾长石化蚀变岩的年龄为１３２±２Ｍａ。由于钾长石化夺本身被金矿化,因此金矿化年龄小于或接近于１３２±２Ｍａ,为燕山晚期成矿。  相似文献   

江苏宁镇伏牛山岩体的铷锶等时线年龄   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

叶水泉 《江苏地质》1999,23(3):148-150

从伏牛山岩体采集了新鲜的花岗闪长斑岩作铷锶同位素年龄测定,得到了拟合度很好的RbSr岩体矿物等时线,获得111Ma±1Ma年龄和锶的初始比值(Sr87/Sr86)i为07058±00001。进一步印证该岩体形成于燕山晚期,为幔源岩浆受地壳物质混染后的产物,属同熔型成因系列  相似文献   

江西周潭群同位素年龄特征及其地质意义   总被引：27，自引：0，他引：27  

余达淦  艾桂根  黄国夫  刘平辉 《地球学报》1999,20(2):195-200

通过对江西弋阳、余江两地周潭群变质岩系中斜长角闪的Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ、锆石同位素研究,确认周潭群的形成时代为１１００～１２００Ｍａ,属中元古代地层,而不是晚元古代地层,该岩系形成后经受了晋宁（９００Ｍａ左右）和印支运动（２００Ｍａ左右）的区域构造作用影响。  相似文献   

四川石棉地区前震旦纪“康定杂岩”的时代探讨     

喻安光  陈玉禄 《四川地质学报》1999,(3)

四川石棉地区的前震旦纪基底变质杂岩（“康定杂岩”） 呈断块产出,由中浅（深） 变质岩、变质侵入岩及混合岩组成。在片岩中获蓟县纪—青白口纪球藻类化石;采用锆石ＵＰｂ 法和ＰｂＰｂ 法获得变粒岩的原岩年龄为１０６７Ｍａ,变质砂岩的成岩年龄小于８５３Ｍａ,变质侵入岩的成岩年龄为８７６ ～８２８Ｍａ,混合岩的变成年龄为７１１Ｍａ,结合早震旦世岩体侵蚀混合岩,故将基底变质杂岩的时代确定为蓟县纪—青白口纪。  相似文献   

川西北地区马脑壳金矿床的成矿年代学   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

季宏兵  王世杰  文锦明 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》1999,(2)

沉积容岩微细浸染型（ＳＨＤＧ）金矿床（或称卡林型金矿床）,广泛分布于各大洲的许多古代和现代的地体（地块）周边,如美国的大盆及中国的黔西南和川西北的金矿床,是经济上非常重要的一种金矿类型。关于ＳＨＤＧ金矿床物质来源和成因一直存在着较大的争议,目前存在三...  相似文献